The October quarter sessions are held at the townhall; and petty sessions for the borough, before the mayor and bench of magistrates, daily at twelve o'clock, also petty sessions for the West Riding district, beyond the boundaries of the borough, twice a week. At the commencement of the Civil War the house of Howard garrisoned the castle for the king, but it was speedily obliged to surrender to Sir John Gell, who held it for the parliament till the advance of the Duke of Newcastle, at the head of the royal army, compelled the parliamentarians to retire to Derbyshire. The ordinary wages of the artisans in Sheffield are liberal, ranging from £1 to £2 a week, and in consequence their social condition is superior, most families living in separate tenements. In 1296 Edward I. granted to Thomas, Lord Furnival, a charter to hold a weekly market and an annual fair, and in the following year the town was made a free borough, with exemption from toll throughout Hallamshire. The houses are chiefly of brick. Market days are Tuesday and Saturday. of York, and 162 N.W. The Catholic Apostolic church in Victoria-street was finished in 1851. At this period mail coaches were started for London, and merchants for the first time opened direct communication with the Continent. At its lowest point the city stands just 29 metres above sea level at Blackburn Meadows on the Rotherham border, rising up to over 500 m in some parts of the city to a peak of 548m at High Stones on the Derbyshire border; however, 89% of the housing in the city is between 100 and 200 metres above sea level. The Presbyterian church is in Hanover-street. As well as general wards, it included tuberculosis sanitoria and a maternity hospital. The savings-bank in Norfolk-street is in the Italian style, erected in 1860; the Temperance Company's Hall, in Townhead-street. The population of this ward in 2011 was 20,826 people in 8,696 households. The name Brightside Bierlow didn't necessarily mean just "Brightside", it was a township within the parish of Sheffield and included the hamlets of Brightside, Grimesthorpe, Pitsmoor and Neepsend etc.. Most of the cutlers are men of small capital, and many building societies have been formed to enable the more provident artizans to become possessors of their own tenements.
There are also many mercantile houses, some of which confine their commercial operations to the home markets, while others export largely to the United States, Australia, the Cape of Good Hope, Brazil, South America, and the several continental cities, in most of which the manufactures of Sheffield are to be found. Over 95% of the population resides in the main urban area. Brightside was recorded in the fifteenth century as "Brekesherth", when it was home to some mills. From the eastern foot of these hills to the borders of Derbyshire stretches the parish of Sheffield, including the six townships of Nether Hallam, Upper Hallam, Ecclesall Bierlow, Sheffield, Brightside Bierlow, and Attercliffe-cum-Darnal, with the curacies of Dyer's Hill, Eldon, Fulwood, Heeley, Holliscroft, Moorfields, Pitsmoor, and Wicker, and about 60 other villages and hamlets The physical configuration of this district differs in various parts, but that portion on which the town of Sheffield stands is a sheltered valley overhung by the wooded heights of Wincobank, and watered by the streams of the Sheaf, from which the town takes its name, the Porter, and two other rivers, which all unite their waters at this point with the Don, on which much labour and expense has been bestowed to render it navigable. Yorkshire and the Humber is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) for statistical purposes. The manor house continued to be the occasional residence of its noble owner till 1706, when Thomas Duke of Norfolk ordered it to be dismantled, and the park broken up into farms. In the interior are several monuments of the Talbots, Earls of Shrewsbury, of Elizabeth, Countess of Lennox, sister-in-law to Mary Queen of Scots, and of Walker, the supposed executioner of Charles I.; also several pieces of sculpture by Chantrey and others. The assay office, the vestry hall, built in 1857, and situated in the cemetery road, the music-hall, in Surrey-street, erected in 1823; the fire office in George-street, erected in 1810. In 1925, the Ecclesall Bierlow union was absorbed by the neighbouring Sheffield Union, creating a single Poor Law authority to cover the whole of the city. It was built to give the Lancashire, Derbyshire and East Coast Railway access to Sheffield, primarily for goods traffic, for which a large goods depot at Attercliffe, in Sheffield, was built.
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