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20 januari 2020Critics argue that a fundamental requirement of an election system is to accurately represent the views of voters, but FPTP often fails in this respect. [26] It has been claimed that members involved in the 2009 expenses scandal were significantly more likely to hold a safe seat.
In a multiple-member election (or multiple-selection ballot), each voter casts (up to) the same number of votes as there are positions to be filled, and those elected are the highest-placed candidates corresponding to that number of positions. It is more likely that a single party will hold a majority of legislative seats.
Because voters have to predict in advance who the top two candidates will be, results can be significantly distorted: Proponents of other voting methods in single-member districts argue that these would reduce the need for tactical voting and reduce the spoiler effect.
The first-past-the-post election tends to produce a small number of major parties, perhaps just two, a principle known in political science as Duverger's Law. Generally FPTP favours parties who can concentrate their vote into certain voting districts (or in a wider sense in specific geographic areas). It is the second most popular voting system in the world.
Through gerrymandering, electoral areas are designed deliberately to unfairly increase the number of seats won by one party, by redrawing the map such that one party has a small number of districts in which it has an overwhelming majority of votes, and many districts where it is at a smaller disadvantage. Ballot papers are usually simple (though they can drift towards being confusing if the number of candidates is large) and the voter only needs to put one clear mark on their paper which should be easily counted thus removing the prospect of the confusion that haunted the American 2000 election which degenerated into “when is a mark not a mark ?”. "Kiesstelsel.
[25][better source needed], First-past-the-post within geographical areas tends to deliver (particularly to larger parties) a significant number of safe seats, where a representative is sheltered from any but the most dramatic change in voting behaviour. History Learning Site Copyright © 2000 - 2020. In contrast, the Liberal Democrats took more than 20% of the vote but only about 10% of the seats. The British Electoral Reform Society (ERS) says that regional parties benefit from this system. In 1951 (Tory) and in February 1974 (Labour), the nation voted in governments that had less people vote for them but won more seats than their opponents. However in both these countries, reform campaigners face the obstacle of large incumbent parties who control the legislature and who are incentivised to resist any attempts to replace the FPTP system that elected them on a minority vote – this is summed up by the idiom "turkeys don't vote for Christmas". [22][23][11], Wasted votes are seen as those cast for losing candidates, and for winning candidates in excess of the number required for victory.
In this real-life illustration from 2011, Tony Tan obtained a greater number of votes than any of the other candidates.
Rather than curtailing extreme voices, FPTP today empowers the (relatively) extreme voices of the Labour and Conservative party memberships.
A party which wins a majority will seek to implement policy proposals which it set out during the campaign. Before that a complicated system was used which favoured politicians from the wealthy, landowning establishment.
Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. Many countries which use FPTP have active campaigns to switch to proportional representation (e.g. Under a first-past-the-post voting method, the highest polling candidate is elected.
Fact Sheets on Electoral Systems provided to members of the Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform, British Columbia. In a ‘normal’ British national election or by-election (i.e.
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