[123] By land area alone, Canada ranks fourth, due to having the world's largest area of fresh water lakes. [35] The Crown and Indigenous peoples began interactions during the European colonization period, though the Inuit, in general, had more limited interaction with European settlers. [475], Canada has enjoyed success both at the Winter Olympics and at the Summer Olympics,[476] though particularly the Winter Games as a "winter sports nation", and has hosted several high-profile international sporting events such as the 1976 Summer Olympics,[477] the 1988 Winter Olympics,[478] the 2010 Winter Olympics[479][480] and the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. It is the worlds second-largest country by total area, although as a whole the country is sparsely populated. [465] The official national anthem, "O Canada", was originally commissioned by the lieutenant governor of Quebec, Thodore Robitaille, for the 1880 St. Jean-Baptiste Day ceremony and was officially adopted in 1980. Canada is also bounded by the Arctic Ocean to the north, by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Using its spending powers, the federal government can initiate national policies in provincial areas such as health and child care; the provinces can opt out of these cost-share programs but rarely do so in practice. [430], Numerous Canadian authors have accumulated international literary awards,[431] including novelist, poet, and literary critic Margaret Atwood, who received two Booker Prizes;[432] Nobel laureate Alice Munro, who has been called the best living writer of short stories in English;[433] and Booker Prize recipient Michael Ondaatje, who wrote the novel The English Patient, which was adapted as a film of the same name that won the Academy Award for Best Picture. Contracts with government. [141] These ecozones encompass over 80,000 classified species of Canadian wildlife, with an equal number yet to be formally recognized or discovered. [229], Canada maintains historic ties to the United Kingdom and France and to other former British and French colonies through Canada's membership in the Commonwealth of Nations and the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie. WebImmigrate to work and live in Canada . [328] Identified weaknesses were comparatively higher infant mortality rate, the prevalence of chronic conditions, long wait times, poor availability of after-hours care, and a lack of prescription drugs and dental coverage. [82] During this time, Canada introduced the Indian Act extending its control over the First Nations to education, government and legal rights. [315] Approximately 65 to 75percent of Canadians have some form of supplementary health insurance related to the aforementioned reasons; many receive it through their employers or access secondary social service programs related to extended coverage for families receiving social assistance or vulnerable demographics, such as seniors, minors, and those with disabilities. [30] The decline is attributed to several causes, including the transfer of European diseases, such as influenza, measles, and smallpox to which they had no natural immunity,[27][31] conflicts over the fur trade, conflicts with the colonial authorities and settlers, and the loss of Indigenous lands to settlers and the subsequent collapse of several nations' self-sufficiency. [76][77] This period of westward expansion and nation building resulted in the displacement of many Indigenous peoples of the Canadian Prairies to "Indian reserves",[78] clearing the way for ethnic European block settlements. [54] Mainland Nova Scotia came under British rule with the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, and Canada and most of New France came under British rule in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. One of North Americas largest urban green spaces, Stanley Park is revered for its dramatic forest-and-mountain oceanfront views. The Arctic Ocean is to the north of Canada. [189] Canada's three territories also have legislatures, but these are not sovereign and have fewer constitutional responsibilities than the provinces. [398][399] The official state policy of multiculturalism is often cited as one of Canada's significant accomplishments,[400] and a key distinguishing element of Canadian identity. Last updated on October 19th, 2022. [417] The use of the maple leaf as a Canadian symbol dates to the early 18th century. Provincial and territorial case numbers. [422] Material items such as Canadian beer, maple syrup, tuques, canoes, nanaimo bars, butter tarts and the Quebec dish of poutine are defined as uniquely Canadian. [368] There are also clusters of Acadians in southwestern Nova Scotia, on Cape Breton Island, and through central and western Prince Edward Island. With an area of 9,984,670 square km, it is the worlds second-largest country by total area, falling behind Russia, and just beating out China and the United States. WebInternet TLD. TORONTO - Canadas mens basketball team will play exhibition games against Spain and Argentina this summer in preparation for the 2023 FIBA World Cup. In my time at Caada College, I had the amazing opportunity to grow as a leader. [359] In 1961, about 300,000 people, less than two percent of Canada's population, were members of visible minority groups. [319] A 2016 report by the chief public health officer found that 88percent of Canadians, one of the highest proportions of the population among G7 countries, indicated that they "had good or very good health". [103][104] In 1999, Nunavut became Canada's third territory after a series of negotiations with the federal government. Ottawa is its capital and Toronto is its largest city. [293] Canada is a participant in the International Space Station (ISS), and is a pioneer in space robotics, having constructed the Canadarm, Canadarm2 and Dextre robotic manipulators for the ISS and NASA's Space Shuttle. [274] Many towns in northern Canada, where agriculture is difficult, are sustained by nearby mines or sources of timber. Ontario. Ontario. Of all Canadas top sights, Banff National Park justifiably ranks as many peoples number one. [260], In 2021, Canadian trade in goods and services reached $2.016trillion. [85] Canada provided asylum for the Dutch monarchy while that country was occupied and is credited by the Netherlands for major contributions to its liberation from Nazi Germany. [149], Approximately 12.1 percent of the nation's landmass and freshwater are conservation areas, including 11.4 percent designated as protected areas. 2. [270], Canada is one of the few developed nations that are net exporters of energy. [449] The nature of Canadian art reflects these diverse origins, as artists have taken their traditions and adapted these influences to reflect the reality of their lives in Canada. [147] Since the end of the last glacial period, Canada has consisted of eight distinct forest regions,[148] with 42 percent of its land area covered by forests (approximately 8 percent of the world's forested land). [429] Since the 1980s, Canada's ethnic and cultural diversity has been openly reflected in its literature. [305][306], Canada's population density, at 4.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (11/sqmi), is among the lowest in the world. Canada's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. In addition, Canada is the single largest foreign supplier of energy to the United States. [209] In most rural and some urban areas, policing responsibilities are contracted to the federal Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Last updated on October 19th, 2022. [157], Canada is described as a "full democracy",[158] with a tradition of liberalism,[159] and an egalitarian,[160] moderate political ideology. These two colonies were collectively named the Canadas until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. [371] Several Indigenous languages have official status in the Northwest Territories. See the State Departments travel website for the Worldwide Caution and Travel Advisories. [95], Canada's post-war economic growth, combined with the policies of successive Liberal governments, led to the emergence of a new Canadian identity, marked by the adoption of the Maple Leaf Flag in 1965,[96] the implementation of official bilingualism (English and French) in 1969,[97] and the institution of official multiculturalism in 1971. [328] An increasing problem in Canada's health system is a lack of healthcare professionals. The border of Canada with the US is the longest bi-national land border in the world. As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763. [139] The rate of warming has been higher across the North and in the Prairies. [453], Canadian visual art has been dominated by figures such as painter Tom Thomson and by the Group of Seven. Of all Canadas top sights, Banff National Park justifiably ranks as many peoples number one. [216] Canada's foreign policy based on international peacekeeping and security is carried out through coalitions and international organizations, and through the work of numerous federal institutions. The country's head of government is the prime minister, who holds office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the elected House of Commons, and is appointed by the governor general, representing the monarch of Canada, the head of state. [454] The Group of Seven were painters with a nationalistic and idealistic focus, who first exhibited their distinctive works in May 1920. [84] Volunteers sent to the Western Front later became part of the Canadian Corps, which played a substantial role in the Battle of Vimy Ridge and other major engagements of the war. Provincial legislatures are unicameral and operate in parliamentary fashion similar to the House of Commons. It is the second largest country in the world, but it has only one-half of one percent of the world's population. [59] The Proclamation and the Quebec Act in turn angered many residents of the Thirteen Colonies, further fuelling anti-British sentiment in the years prior to the American Revolution. Chris Bolin/The Globe and Mail. [60] The American war of independence also caused a large out-migration of Loyalists, the settlers who had fought against American independence. This spring, Hudson's Bay Company is set to open Zellers stores inside 25 The Bay locations across Canada. [42] No further European exploration occurred until 1497, when Italian seafarer John Cabot explored and claimed Canada's Atlantic coast in the name of King Henry VII of England. [142] Although Canada has a low percentage of endemic species compared to other countries,[143] due to human activities, invasive species and environmental issues in the country, there are currently more than 800 species at risk of being lost. [269] Canada has a strong cooperative banking sector, with the world's highest per-capita membership in credit unions. [273] The country is a leading exporter of zinc, uranium, gold, nickel, platinoids, aluminum, steel, iron ore, coking coal, lead, copper, molybdenum, cobalt, and cadmium. [444] In an effort to reduce the amount of foreign-made media, government interventions in television broadcasting can include both regulation of content and public financing. [94] After two referendums, Newfoundlanders voted to join Canada in 1949 as a province. [210], Canadian Aboriginal law provides certain constitutionally recognized rights to land and traditional practices for Indigenous groups in Canada. 4,524,782. Sell your goods or services to the government [199] The bank does not issue Canadian coins; they are issued by the Royal Canadian Mint. [376], Canada is religiously diverse, encompassing a wide range of beliefs and customs. French version of the poster roughly translates as "They serve FranceEveryone can serve; Buy Victory Bonds". [150] Approximately 13.8 percent of its territorial waters are conserved, including 8.9 percent designated as protected areas. This spring, Hudson's Bay Company is set to open Zellers stores inside 25 The Bay locations across Canada. [261], Since the early 20th century, the growth of Canada's manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy to an urbanized, industrial one. WebLearn about Canadas response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Quebec. [57] More importantly, the Quebec Act afforded Quebec special autonomy and rights of self-administration at a time when the Thirteen Colonies were increasingly agitating against British rule. [64] New arrivals included refugees escaping the Great Irish Famine as well as Gaelic-speaking Scots displaced by the Highland Clearances. Experience the beautiful campus and enriching community that makes Caada College the school for you! Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays). [325] Canada has performed close to, or above the average on the majority of OECD health indicators since the early 2000s, ranking above the average on OECD indicators for wait-times and access to care, with average scores for quality of care and use of resources. [10] Cartier later used the word Canada to refer not only to that particular village but to the entire area subject to Donnacona (the chief at Stadacona);[10] by 1545, European books and maps had begun referring to this small region along the Saint Lawrence River as Canada. as, for instance, in the following example of a show funded by the Government of Canada at the Peel Art Gallery Museum + Archives, Brampton: officially bilingual (English and French), long and complex relationship with the United States, 24th highest nominal per capita income globally, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Linguistic areas of North American Indigenous peoples, Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, the growth and change of Canada's provinces and territories, Indigenous peoples of the Canadian Prairies, hundreds of Indigenous people were discovered, world's largest land border with the United States, Terrestrial ecozones and ecoprovinces of Canada, fifteen terrestrial and five marine ecozones, endemic species compared to other countries, Lake Superior National Marine Conservation Area, Scott Islands Marine National Wildlife Area, minister of innovation, science and industry, constitutionally recognized rights to land, United Nations Conference on International Organization, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Canada United States Free Trade Agreement, has one of the highest levels of Internet access in the world, Health expenditure and financing by country, Canadian Institute for Health Information, Programme for International Student Assessment, Canada's federal government practices official bilingualism, The official state policy of multiculturalism, Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences, "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population", Public Works and Government Services Canada Translation Bureau, "An Act to Re-write the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, and for the Government of Canada", "November 8, 1951 (21st Parliament, 5th Session)", "Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Calls to Action", "L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site", "The Irish Emigration of 1847 and Its Canadian Consequences", "The Pacific Coast Borderland and Frontier", "Railway History in Canada | The Canadian Encyclopedia", "The Canadian West: An Archival Odyssey through the Records of the Department of the Interior", "Settling the West: Immigration to the Prairies from 1867 to 1914", "Social Policies in Canada: A Model for Development", "Proclamation of the Constitution Act, 1982", "Canada is celebrating 150 years of what, exactly? [259] The Toronto Stock Exchange is the ninth-largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization, listing over 1,500 companies with a combined market capitalization of over US$2trillion. [120] In 2021, the remains of hundreds of Indigenous people were discovered near the former sites of Canadian Indian residential schools. [164][165], At the federal level, Canada has been dominated by two relatively centrist parties practising "brokerage politics",[a] the centre-left leaning Liberal Party of Canada and the centre-right leaning Conservative Party of Canada (or its predecessors). [264][271] Atlantic Canada possesses vast offshore deposits of natural gas, and Alberta also hosts large oil and gas resources. Attempts to accommodate Quebec nationalism constitutionally through the Meech Lake Accord failed in 1990. [46][47], In 1583, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, by the royal prerogative of Queen Elizabeth I, founded St. John's, Newfoundland, as the first North American English seasonal camp. Learn about labour mobility between provinces and territories. WebCanada has ten provinces and three territories that are sub-national administrative divisions under the jurisdiction of the Canadian Constitution.In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North AmericaNew Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Province of Canada (which upon Confederation was divided into Ontario and Quebec)united to [44] The early 16th century saw European mariners with navigational techniques pioneered by the Basque and Portuguese establish seasonal whaling and fishing outposts along the Atlantic coast. [191] The Prime Minister's Office (PMO) is thus one of the most powerful institutions in government, initiating most legislation for parliamentary approval and selecting for appointment by the Crown, besides the aforementioned, the governor general, lieutenant governors, senators, federal court judges, and heads of Crown corporations and government agencies. [207] Criminal law is solely a federal responsibility and is uniform throughout Canada. Contracts with government. [362], A multitude of languages are used by Canadians, with English and French (the official languages) being the mother tongues of approximately 54percent and 19percent of Canadians, respectively. Here's how to protect yourself. [304] Canada also accepts large numbers of refugees, accounting for over 10 percent of annual global refugee resettlements; it resettled more than 28,000 in 2018. Though referred to as having seven members, five artistsLawren Harris, A. Y. Jackson, Arthur Lismer, J. E. H. MacDonald, and Frederick Varleywere responsible for articulating the group's ideas. [43] In 1534, French explorer Jacques Cartier explored the Gulf of Saint Lawrence where, on July 24, he planted a 10-metre (33ft) cross bearing the words "Long Live the King of France" and took possession of the territory New France in the name of King Francis I. [469] Canada's official national sports are ice hockey and lacrosse. COVID-19 in Canada. [156] Canada's 18 UNESCO Biosphere Reserves cover a total area of 235,000 square kilometres (91,000sqmi). COVID-19 vaccines have helped protect us. The future of the permafrost is uncertain because the Arctic has been warming at three times the global average as a result of climate change in Canada. The Programme for International Student Assessment indicates Canadian students perform well above the OECD average, particularly in mathematics, science, and reading,[345][346] ranking the overall knowledge and skills of Canadian 15-year-olds as the sixth-best in the world, although these scores have been declining in recent years. [422][423] Canadian coins feature many of these symbols: the loon on the $1 coin, the Arms of Canada on the 50 piece, and the beaver on the nickel. [388] Other faiths include Islam (4.9percent), Hinduism (2.3percent), Sikhism (2.1percent), Buddhism (1.0percent), Judaism (0.9percent), and Indigenous spirituality (0.2percent). [272] Canada is additionally one of the world's largest suppliers of agricultural products; the Canadian Prairies are one of the most important global producers of wheat, canola, and other grains. Learn about Canadas response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. [438] Canada has a well-developed media sector, but its cultural outputparticularly in English films, television shows, and magazinesis often overshadowed by imports from the United States. As much a piece of history as a natural wonder, Canadas. [403] As a whole, Canada is in theory a cultural mosaic of regional ethnic subcultures. [329][330][331], Education in Canada is for the most part provided publicly, funded and overseen by federal, provincial, and local governments. [242] Canada's total military expenditure is expected to reach $32.7billion by 2027. [184][188][189] The use of the executive powers is directed by the Cabinet, a committee of ministers of the Crown responsible to the elected House of Commons and chosen and headed by the prime minister (at present Justin Trudeau),[190] the head of government. [435], Canada's media is highly autonomous, uncensored, diverse and very regionalized. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. Given its abundant natural resources, highly skilled labor force, and modern capital stock, Canada enjoyed solid economic growth from 1993 through 2007. Experience the beautiful campus and enriching community that makes Caada College the school for you! [195], Canadian federalism divides government responsibilities between the federal government and the ten provinces. On the east and west coasts, average high temperatures are generally in the low 20s C (70s F), while between the coasts, the average summer high temperature ranges from 25 to 30C (77 to 86F), with temperatures in some interior locations occasionally exceeding 40C (104F). [58] It re-established the French language, Catholic faith, and French civil law there, staving off the growth of an independence movement in contrast to the Thirteen Colonies. [349][350] Statistics Canada reports that 35.5percent of the population reported multiple ethnic origins, thus the overall total is greater than 100percent. [285] Other major Canadian scientific contributions include the artificial cardiac pacemaker, mapping the visual cortex,[286][287] the development of the electron microscope,[288][289] plate tectonics, deep learning, multi-touch technology and the identification of the first black hole, Cygnus X-1. The Province of Canada (or the United Province of Canada or the United Canadas) was a British colony in British North America from 1841 to 1867. [248] The powers flowing from the Constitution Act, 1867 are divided between the federal government and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively. English and French are its [115] Canada also joined the Gulf War in 1990 as part of a United Statesled coalition force and was active in several peacekeeping missions in the 1990s, including the UNPROFOR mission in the former Yugoslavia. They were joined briefly by Frank Johnston and by commercial artist Franklin Carmichael. [65] Infectious diseases killed between 25 and 33 percent of Europeans who immigrated to Canada before 1891. Due to changes in testing policies across Canada, case counts shown may be lower than actual numbers. Beginning in the 16th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast. [131] Boreal forests prevail throughout the country, ice is prominent in northern Arctic regions and through the Rocky Mountains, and the relatively flat Canadian Prairies in the southwest facilitate productive agriculture. Some of the most common non-official first languages include Mandarin (679,255 first-language speakers), Punjabi (666,585), Cantonese (553,380), Spanish (538,870), Arabic (508,410), Tagalog (461,150), Italian (319,505), and German (272,865). Canada is a vast and rugged land. [462] The Canadian Music Hall of Fame, established in 1976, honours Canadian musicians for their lifetime achievements. Canada is bordered by non-contiguous US state of Alaska in the northwest and by 12 other US states in the south. A. J. Casson became part of the group in 1926. [290] Canada has a long history of discovery in genetics, which include stem cells, site-directed mutagenesis, T-cell receptor and the identification of the genes that cause Fanconi anemia, cystic fibrosis and early-onset Alzheimer's disease, among numerous other diseases. [111] In 1997, the Supreme Court ruled unilateral secession by a province would be unconstitutional and the Clarity Act was passed by parliament, outlining the terms of a negotiated departure from Confederation. [202] The Statute of Westminster, 1931 granted full autonomy, and the Constitution Act, 1982 ended all legislative ties to Britain, as well as adding a constitutional amending formula and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. A booster dose can help strengthen our protection against severe forms of COVID-19 Report a problem or mistake on this page. ", "The Governor General of Canada: Roles and Responsibilities", "House of Commons Procedure and Practice: Parliamentary Institutions", "The Opposition in a Parliamentary System", "Government and Canada's 41st Parliament: Questions and Answers", "Difference between Canadian Provinces and Territories", "Differences from Provincial Governments", "Keeping Canada and Our Communities Safe and Secure", Aboriginal roundtable on Kelowna Accord: Aboriginal policy negotiations 20042006, "Plans at a glance and operating context", "Millennium Development Goals: A sprint to 2015 and the way forward", "Torture by Army Peacekeepers in Somalia Shocks Canada", "Russia claims North Pole with Arctic flag stunt", "Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2021", Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, "More soldiers, ships and planes for military in Liberal defence plan", "Evolution of the world's 25 top trading nations Share of global exports of goods (%), 19782020", United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, "Who owns whom? January 16, 2023, 3:32 p.m. EST. [45] In general, early settlements during the Age of Discovery appear to have been short-lived due to a combination of the harsh climate, problems with navigating trade routes and competing outputs in Scandinavia. From north to south it spans more than half the Northern Hemisphere. In 2006, the average age in Canada was 39.5 years;[317] it rose to 42.4 years by 2018[318] before falling slightly to 41.9 in 2021. English and French have equal status in federal courts, Parliament, and in all federal institutions. All judges at the superior and appellate levels are appointed after consultation with non-governmental legal bodies. ", "The Crown and the Constitution: Sustaining Democracy? [308] The most densely populated part of the country, accounting for nearly 50 percent, is the Quebec CityWindsor Corridor in Southern Quebec and Southern Ontario along the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence River. [50] The Beaver Wars broke out in the mid-17th century over control of the North American fur trade. WebCanada - CBC News. [231] Since then, Canada has been an advocate for multilateralism, making efforts to resolve global issues in collaboration with other nations. Please select all that apply: A booster dose can help strengthen our protection against severe forms of COVID-19 Report a problem or [466] Calixa Lavalle wrote the music, which was a setting of a patriotic poem composed by the poet and judge Sir Adolphe-Basile Routhier. Tom Thomson and by 12 other US States in the Prairies and culture [ 209 ] in 2021, trade. Weblearn about Canadas response to the early 18th century Loyalists, the remains of hundreds of Indigenous people discovered... Biosphere Reserves cover a total area of 235,000 square kilometres ( 91,000sqmi ) are ice and! In most rural and some urban areas, policing responsibilities are contracted to the early 18th.... 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