pros and cons of descriptive representation

The limitations of descriptive research include that it cannot explain why something is happening and may be biased. Established in 1939 and published for the Southern Political Science Association, The Journal of Politics is a leading general-interest journal of political science and the oldest regional political science journal in the United States. Race, political empowerment, and minority perceptions of judicial fairness. In the following paragraphs, I will describe the behavior I wished to observe in my chosen laboratory, the results that I obtained, and I will have provided a detailed explanation of my observation method used. Here are some of the most important characteristics of descriptive research: In descriptive research, the researcher has no control over any of the variables that affect the event or problem under investigation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. When the implementation of descriptive representation involves some costs in other values, paying those costs makes most sense in these specific historical contexts. The research survey is one of the most widely used instruments when conducting descriptive research, where the number of samples to be taken is large. Tyler, T. R. (1990). Descriptive investigations, unlike other types of investigations, carry out their study without altering or manipulating any of the variables of the phenomenon, limiting themselves only to their measurement and description. Gendering municipal government: Female descriptive representation and feelings of political trust. Copyright 2023 The President and Fellows of, The Black Agenda with Anna Gifty Opoku-Agyeman, Continuing Conflict: Old Challenges and New Debates, Revenge of the Patriarchs Why Autocrats Fear Women, We are a tinderbox: Political violence is ramping up, experts warn, Eliana La Ferrara: An economist looking at the world through a wider lens, Hourly and gig workers have it worse than we thoughtand why that matters for u, The reversal of reproductive rights in America is contrary to global trends. (2009). The two types of designs used in descriptive research are described below: In cross-sectional designs, the variables are not affected by any type of process, which is why they only dedicate themselves to observing the event as it happens, limiting themselves only to analyzing them. Given the important role that poll workers play as the street level bureaucrats that voters encounter and the role that descriptive representation can play in legitimizing government, it stands to reason that for minority voters, interacting with a poll worker of similar racial identity will increase confidence in elections. systems than the old and traditional ones (Tawil, 2002). It conforms to what the rest of the world is doing. Bridgett King recently presented a paper at the 2018 annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association entitled, Descriptive Representation in Election Administration: Poll Workers and Voter Confidence. Here, Professor King summarizes her analysis from that paper. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. An integrated model of womens representation. Pros 1. The index was re-scaled to run from 0 (least fair) to 1 (most fair). For the case of the design of a descriptive investigation, most of the time it is necessary to obtain data that refers to the quantity. In contexts of group mistrust and uncrystallized interests, the better communication and experiential knowledge of descriptive representatives enhances their substantive representation of the group's interests by improving the quality of deliberation. I consider the essentialist line of reasoning as unsustainable because it pays little attention to differences among women. Princeton: Princeton University Press. In the administration of elections, poll workers serve as the face of elections and are the street level bureaucrats that voters interact with most. Politics and Gender, 3(1), 79. (1997). WAPPP's Gender Action Portal (GAP) team is committed to intersectionality as a core guiding principle for our work in gender policy research translation. And as I write, significant representation by gender cannot be achieved in any existing polity without some form of quota. It describes the characteristics of a citizens or circumstance being studied. Collective vs. dyadic representation in Congress. Data from the 2016Survey of the Performance of American Elections(SPAE) was used to evaluate the relationship between descriptive representation and confidence. It allows different voices to be heard. Explore a selection of resources that raise the visibility of transgender people and address issues members of the community face. nebraska softball roster; jacksonville, fl hurricane risk; List of Pros of Experimental Research. Some of the most important are listed below. Patterns and correlations are clear and visible: Statistical data is data that has already been analyzed and therefore the patterns and correlations have already been done and are clear and visible. pros and cons of descriptive representation | June 29 / 2022 | accidentally crushed birth control pillaccidentally crushed birth control pill strontium citrate pros and cons; how to calculate lot coverage toronto; myapplications microsoft tjx; feng shui bird bath placement. 1996: 2). In addition, it allows obtaining data, or information, of the quantitative or qualitative type: Using the case study it is possible to carry out a slightly more detailed analysis of the event, as well as to study in detail groups or subjects separately. Representing Yourself in Court. 3. 1. This is particularly true in federal elections when the more than 3,000 counties, parishes, and boroughs in the United States individually conduct elections that are used to determine outcomes for the states in which they are embedded and the nation as a whole. Across all of our samples, the total number of African Americans is 287. The Journal of Politics features balanced treatments of research from scholars around the world, in all subfields of political science including American politics, comparative politics, international relations, political theory, and political methodology. There are times when a strong majority in the government is required to push through needed reforms. Constructing successful ways to reach goals necessary to make something as small as possible in the event of medication errors and patient safety. Some examples of descriptive investigations may be the following: Studying the penguin population that exists in the South Georgia Islands is a descriptive investigation that answers the what and where. Get rigorous, evidence-based strategies to advance gender equity right in your inbox. The Gender and Conflict initiative unites faculty, students, and researchers at Harvard Kennedy School and beyond to study gender in non-violent and violent social movements and the social and institutional factors influencing the prevalence of gender-based violence. Using observation, qualitative data can be collected on the habits of supermarket customers regarding the purchases they make in it. Degree of Control over Variables. To investigate this, we also ran an identical treatment on an MTurk sample that allowed us to identify subjects zip codes. Because of the decentralized nature of American elections, the analysis considered not only the effect of descriptive representation on confidence in the voters ballot being counted accurately but also ballots across their local jurisdiction (county or city), state, and the nation. By making the decision-making process more . Coalition governments are encouraged to compromise and pursue centrist views. Our "Oval Office" training program inspires and supports nontraditional candidates to run for public office. Descriptive representation should be judged primarily on this criterion. The WAGE research initiative focuses on data-driven strategies organizations can use to "debias" their systems and create more inclusive workplaces, as well as interventions that enhance individuals agency in negotiating more gender-equitable work arrangements, including paid and unpaid labor. The Gender and Politics initiative aims to advance research on representative democracy and equitable participation in governments across the globe. The selection of questions should include both open and closed questions, thus guaranteeing a balance between them and making it possible to collect good quality information. It makes things easier for extreme parties to gain representation. There were pre-determined characteristics that the researchers wrote down on a spreadsheet, however, specific behaviors were recorded as they happened (i.e., the type of reaction that resulted from each person who picked up the card). With the scope of contemporary technology, we are able to access information from various studies that have occurred around the world. As a society, we perform naturalistic observation on a daily basis whether we realize it or not. These proportional representation pros and cons have certain benefits that allow for greater inclusion and variety. Latinos and substantive representation in the US House of Representatives: Direct, indirect, or nonexistent? Instead we express these parameters as a range of potential numbers, along with a degree of confidence. This is different than a direct system of representation, where each seat is put up to a vote for a specific candidate, regardless of what party to which they associate. (1993). Descriptive representation describes the extent to which public officials reflect the demographic composition of the constituents that they serve. If a voter knows that their candidate is polling 20 points behind, then voting for that candidate is essentially a wasted vote. Du Bois Review, 2(02), 227246. In traditional elections, there are safe seats present for incumbents. However the disadvantages are; lack of control of variables, observer bias, limited to public places or certain types of behaviours, which may create ethical issues. Given this, confidence in the accuracy of elections and the outcomes that they produce requires that voters trust not only their local processes and procedures, but also those across their state and the nation. There may even be safe states in U.S. presidential elections since most states award all electoral votes to the majority candidate. During the fall 2022 semester, students across Harvard University examined women's education as both a preventative tool and as a perpetrator of conflict in a course taught by Rangita de Silva de Alwis, HKS Adjunct Professor of Public Policy. California: University of California Press. Political power and womens representation in Latin America. It encourages a coalition government. Tate, K. (2001). proposals are formulated against the foil of the dominant model of . More people feel like they are adequately represented under this type of structure. Gerrymandering. The Journal of Politics, 59(01), 73103. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data (Sharma, 2019). We also demonstrate that the degree of descriptive representation desired is conditional on the nature of the policy being considered. 3. This form of research provides insight on human nature, we are able to understand basic psychological processes from this. Public Opinion Quarterly, 45(1), 91. Advantage The brevity by which descriptive investigations are carried out means that their costs are not high, compared to other types of investigations. Thequalityof poll workers,experienceswith voting equipment and technology, andevaluationsof polling locations can all affect how confident citizens are in elections. Specifically, the data were used to determine if black voters who interacted with a black poll worker on Election Day were likely to be more confident when compared to black voters who interacted with a poll worker of another race/ethnicity. The Journal of Politics, 61(03), 628657. Successfully determining who wins and loses in an election involves aseries of systemsthat, while operating simultaneously, function independent of each other. McCrone, D. J. Any system of government can fall victim to extremism. pros and cons of descriptive representation. This type of research is often used in the social sciences, but can be used in other disciplines as well. Descriptive research does not rely on only one type of data; it relies on both quantitative and qualitative research. Redrawing a congressional district to intentionally benefit one political party. March 7 Interviews for the survey were conducted in all 50 states and the District of Columbia to represent the nation on several demographic characteristics including education, income, race, and partisanship. By understanding when descriptive research is the most appropriate research method to use, researchers can ensure that they are gathering the most accurate and comprehensive data possible. Women and Public Policy Program Scherer, N., & Curry, B. Different from an absolute majority, a full majority brings more voices into each debate, allowing for a diversity of opinions to be heard.

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